Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
The quantity of air, the lungs can receive, hold or expel under different conditions are called respiratory (or pulmonary) volumes. Combination of two or more pulmonary volumes are called respiratory (pulmonary) capacities.
The different volumes and capacities are as follows :-
(i) Tidal Volume (TV) :-
It is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing in relaxed or resting position. It is about 500 ml. It consists of 150 ml of dead space volume and 350 ml of alveolar volume. A healthy man can inspire or expire approximately 6000-8000 ml of air per minute.
(ii) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) :-
It is the additional amount of air that can be inspired forcibly after a normal inspiration. It is about 2500-3000 ml of air.
(iii) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) :-
It is the additional volume of air that can be expired forcibly after a normal expiration. It is about 1000-1100 ml.
(iv) Residual Volume (RV) :-
It is the volume, of air remaining in the lungs even after a forcible expiration. It is about 1100-1200 ml. It cannot be measured by spirometry.
Various pulmonary capacities arc derived from the above mentioned volumes. These help in the clinical diagnosis of functioning of lungs. These are as follows
(i) Inspiratory Capacity (IC) :-
It is the total volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration. It is about 2500-3000 ml. It includes tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. IC = TV + IRV
(ii) Expiratory Capacity (EC) :-
It is the total volume of air a person can expire after a normal inspiration. It includes tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume.
EC = TV + ERV
(iii) Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) :-
It is the volume of air that will remain in the lungs after a normal expiration. It includes residual volume and expiratory reserve volume.
FRC = RV + ERV
(iv) Vital Capacity (VC) :-
It is the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration or the maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration. This includes -
TV + IRV + ERV.
It varies from 3400-4800 ml depending upon age, sex and height of individual.
(v) Total Lung Capacity :-
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